'Info' is a header-only library consisting of one file. It is
going to be used by SWIM, stored in src/lib, but src/lib can not
depend on src/. This commit moves 'info' to lib/info.

Needed for #3234

Core is supposed to be the most basic library, providing only
really common features used everywhere like fiber, diag, memory,
logging. Which can't be said about collations - they are used
only by high level things - SQL, Lua utf8, comparators.

Collations are built now as 'lib/coll' library.

The patch is not necessary for anything, but it is a right thing
to do, while some activity is happening there.

Error "syntax error after column name" does not make any sense.
Let's remove it.

Part of ...3965

Macros SQL_*_BKPT were used in debug mode to log errors that
occurred during the execution of VDBE. They are not used now.
This patch removes them.

Part of #3965

@TarantoolBot document
Title: changes in EXPLAIN and PRAGMA

The most important change is that the column names for
the result of the "EXPLAIN ...", "EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN ..."
and "PRAGMA ..." commands are now defined.
Example:
box.cfg{listen = 3302}
cn = require('net.box').connect(box.cfg.listen)
cn:execute('EXPLAIN SELECT 1;')

In addition, the 'case_sensitive_like', 'parser_trace' and
'sql_default_engine' pragmas now return their values if
they are executed without arguments. For the first two
pragmas, this value is their state, and for the latter,
the default engine currently set in SQL.
Example:
box.sql.execute('PRAGMA case_sensitive_like;')

And the last change is that now the execution of the
“PRAGMA” command without determining which pragma to
execute returns status for all flag-type pragmas.
Flag-type pragmas are pragmas that have TRUE or FALSE as
status.
Example:
box.sql.execute('PRAGMA;')

Currently, EXPLAIN and PRAGMA do not set the column types for the
result. This is incorrect, since any returned row must have a
column type. This patch defines the types for these columns.

Closes #3832

Currently box.sql.execute ('PRAGMA') returns nothing, but prints
list of pragmas and their statuses to stdout. Such strategy is
considered to be wrong since output of this command would be
unavailable for users who redirect stdout, use net box connection
etc. This patch makes the command to return result as the rest of
SQL commands. The result contains only FLAG-type pragmas and their
statuses.

Currently PRAGMA case_sensitive_like returns nothing. This seems
wrong, since other similar pragmas return their status. Fixed in
the current patch.

After this patch, "PRAGMA sql_default_engine" called without
arguments will return currently set sql_default_engine.

Currently PRAGMA parser_trace returns an empty table. This seems
wrong, since other similar pragmas return their status. Fixed in
the current patch.

Some macros in pragma.c and pragma.h are obsolete because the
values they are checking are no longer used or their usage makes
no sense. Let's remove them.

For the same reason why 'uri' was moved to src/lib - SWIM needs
core and uuid, and SWIM will live in src/lib.

This commit follows 'uri' relocation as a separate one because
'uri' relocation required some changes in the files, moved by
this commit.

Needed for #3234

Http_parser in fact does not depend on anything, even on the core.
As a rule, such basic libraries are stored in src/lib.

The patch is not necessary for anything, but it is a right thing
to do, while some activity is happening there.

Http_parser is a standalone library, which in fact does not
require httpc. And because of that it is going to be moved into
lib/http_parser.

URI and core libraries are going to be used by SWIM, stored in
src/lib. But src/lib can not depend on src/. This patch pushes
URI library down to src/lib - the lowest level of source
dependencies.

Needed for #3234

Memtx uses separate mempools for iterators of different types.
Due to the fact that there will be more iterators of different
sizes in a series of upcoming changes, let's always allocate the
iterator of the largest size.
No changes have been made to the rtree iterators pool because the
size of these structures is significantly larger.

Needed for #3961

This can't entail any consequences, because socket fd is set to -1 in
this case, but this just looks a bit messy. Let's clean it up.

Follow-up commit 305dbcf6 ("iproto: close socket explicitly before
wal_dir at exit").

When we replaced SQLite's ephemeral spaces with our ones, one
optimization concerning ORDER BY clause was disabled. It allows to
reduce number of fields in format of ephemeral space or sorter table.
To illustrate how it works, consider example:

CREATE TABLE t (id INT PRIMARY KEY, b INT);
SELECT * FROM t ORDER BY b;

To sort entries from t, ephemeral space with format [b, id, b] is
created. One can see, that such format contains duplicate of b column.
To avoid such situation, SQLite provides optimization which removes
duplicates. Meanwhile, it doesn't change already set format of ephemeral
(or sorter) space (and SQLite tolerates that format difference). That's
why it was turned off. However, such optimization turns out to be not
optional but required: some column values shouldn't be computed twice.
For instance:

SELECT random() AS x FROM t ORDER BY x;

Without filtering fields from ephemeral space format, it would be like:
[random(), random()]. In other words, results would be sorted by first
call to random() function, but resulting set would consist of values
given by second call of random(). So, to enable it, we should reduce
field count in format of ephemeral space by number of matches between
SELECT and ORDER BY column lists.

Also, type of return value for random() function has been fixed.

Closes #3783

Refactored memtx_tree code so that memtx_tree.h, memtx_rtree.h,
memtx_bitset.h, memtx_hash.h contained only the signature of the
tree object constructor while all implementation details were in
corresponding *.c files.

Needed for #3961

Introduce a macro BPS_TREE_IDENTICAL for BPS TREE class. This
makes possible to define custom comparators for stucture-based
leafs.
Previously, a C++ comparison operator "!=" override was used for
this purpose. Due to the fact that we are not going to rework on
C++ C-only components of Tarantool like memtx_tree, we needed a
way to make complex structures comparisons using preprocessor.

Needed for #3961

The bps_tree.h header defines the macro _api_name, but does not
undefine it at the end. Fixed.

tarantool instance didn't close socket explicitly
which could cause hot standby instance to fail to bind
in case it tries to bind before socket is closed by OS.
Now it is fixed by closing socket explicitly before wal_dir.

Closes #3967

Add preprocessing of the request headers. Each header must be 'string' or 'table'
with '__tostring' metamethod.

Closes #3679

If I create a new fiber and the join to himself we get an abort:

 | tarantool> f = require('fiber')
 | ---
 | ...
 |
 | tarantool> f.join(f.self())
 | tarantool: src/fiber.c:407: fiber_join: Assertion `fiber->flags & FIBER_IS_JOINABLE' failed.
 | Aborted (core dumped)

we should better throw an error.

The only goal of reading and writing heap_node.pos was checking
if a node is now in a heap, or not. This commit encapsulates this
logic into a couple of functions.

Replace assert in socket:read() and add a check in socket:sysread()
when the size is negative.

Closes #3979

It is possible to create vinyl tables, if pragma sql_default_engine is
set to corresponding engine. However, such spaces don't inherit global
vinyl-specific options which can be set by box.cfg{}. Lets fix it and
during encoding of index options fetch appropriate configurations from
cfg.

Closes #3912

Since previous commit allows us to raise an error during msgpack decode
inside VDBE, lets do this if decoded integer is out of
[INT64_MIN, INT64_MAX] range and set "integer is overflowed" diagnostic
message.

Closes #3735
Workaround for #3810

Tarantool allows to hold in INTEGER field values in range
[INT64_MAX, UINT64_MAX], which is obviously larger than common int64_t
range. In this regard, if value of integer field in range
[INT64_MAX, UINT64_MAX] is presented in tuple (e.g. after insertion from
Lua interface), then after decoding msgpack (during processing SQL
query) its value won't fit into int64_t (which in turn is basic type
used to hold integers inside VDBE memory). Now if this happens, instead
of raising an overflow error, value is stored as floating point number
(with precise loss, obviously). Such approach is considered to be messy
and we are going to raise "integer overflow" error instead. To make this
happen, lets firstly refactor sqlVdbeMsgpackGet() to make it return
error code to indicate that something went wrong and move length of
decoded part to output parameters. Codestyle fixes are included as well.

Needed for #3735

Before this patch, if integer overflow occurred during casting to
integer, it was simply ignored. As a result, wrong results might take
place. Lets check possible overflows before CAST conversion, and if it
happens, raise an appropriate error.

Part of #3735

Before this patch, if integer was overflowed during math operations
(OP_Add, OP_Subtract, OP_Multiply, OP_Divide), it would be implicitly
converted and stored as floating point number. This is obviously wrong
way to handle integer overflow errors. Instead, let's raise
corresponding error.

Part of #3735

Before this patch, resulting type of concatenation operator always was
TEXT (i.e. type of memory cell containing result - MEM_Str). Lets fix it
and return type depending on type of concatenation arguments: if both
arguments are TEXT, then resulting type is TEXT; BLOB otherwise. Note
that other options of combining types of arguments are illegal.

Closes #3544

Original SQLite operator of concatenation accepts all types of
arguments. If type of parameter is not TEXT, it is implicitly converted
to TEXT (except for NULLs). That contradicts ANSI (it is regulated by
[1]), so lets allow only TEXT and BLOB as argument type for
concatenation.  Moreover, they both must be of the same type at the same
time (i.e. both TEXT or BLOB).

[1] SQL ANSI 2013, 9.5 Result of data type combination

Part of #3544

Accidentally, mask which is used to map type of VDBE memory cell into
outer API types was replaced with MEM_TypeMask. But value of the latter
is larger then possible values of VDBE memory cells types. Hence, if it
is applied to memory cell, not only pure types is taken into
consideration, but some additional flags (such as MEM_Zero) as well.
Overall, it results in wrong type calculation for zeroed blobs, for
instance. Lets return back previous mask.

Follow-up #3698
Needed for #3544

yaml.encode() now wraps a string literal whose content is equal to a
null or a boolean value representation in YAML into single quotes. Those
literals are: 'false', 'no', 'true', 'yes', '~', 'null'.

Reverted the a2d7643c commit to use single quotes instead of multiline
encoding for 'true' and 'false' string literals.

Follows up #3476
Closes #3662
Closes #3583

Use lua_is*() functions instead of explicit lua_gettop() checks in
yaml.encode() and yaml.decode() functions.

Behaviour changes:

* yaml.decode(object, nil) ignores nil (it is consistent with encode
  behaviour).
* yaml.encode() gives an usage error instead of "unsupported Lua type
  'thread'".
* yaml.encode('', {}, {}) ignores 3rd argument (it is consistent with
  decode behaviour).

Previously readahead was set after the instance synced with all existing
masters. This could lead to a case when some client connections created
rather early would start with default readahead value even when
it was explicitly set to some value.
So, start setting readahead before replicaset sync.

Follow-up: #3958

Iproto connections keep old readahead values for input buffers even
after box.cfg.readahead reconfiguration. This means that for the changes
to take place for the old clients, they have to reconnect. Otherwise
tarantool log will be spammed with 'readahead limit is reached' errors.

To fix this, start updating input buffer size for iproto connections
if needed every time the buffer is empty.

Closes: #3958

Checks for fiber_name legth worked with FIBER_NAME_MAX,
while one byte in fact was occupied by terminating zero.

Closes #4011