In most cases, NaN was treated as NULL. But in case NaN was returned as
a result of a Lua or C user defined function, it was considered a
double. After this patch, NaN will also be considered NULL in the
specified cases.

Closes #6374
Closes #6572

NO_DOC=bugfix

This patch makes the is_res_neg flag false in the sql_rem_int() function
if the left value is negative and the result is 0. Prior to this patch,
the value of the flag was true, which resulted in an assertion during
encoding 0 as MP_INT.

Closes #6575

NO_DOC=bugfix

The smallest positive double value is 2.225E-307, and the value before
the exponent has a maximum of 15 digits after the decimal point. This
means that double values cannot have more than 307 + 15 digits after
the decimal point.

After this patch, ROUND() will return its first argument unchanged if
the first argument is DOUBLE and the second argument is INTEGER greater
than 322.

Closes #6650

NO_DOC=bugfix

Compressed tuples aren't supposed to be seen outside memtx internals:
we always decompresses tuples before returning them to the user; tuples
are written decompressed to xlog. We should also decompress tuples
before writing them to a snapshot or sending them to a remote replica,
but currently we don't, which results in a crash trying to recover from
a snapshot that contains compressed spaces.

This patch fixes this by decompressing all tuples in snapshot iterator.
Since the decompressed tuples are allocated on the region, we should
also call fiber_gc() after each snapshot iterator iteration. Note that
the decompression is unconditional, i.e. we try to decompress all
tuples stored in an index. In general we can't figure out if a tuple is
compressed, because its format may be unavailable (when a tuple is
freed, its format_id is overwritten).

Needed for https://github.com/tarantool/tarantool-ee/issues/171

NO_DOC=bug fix
NO_TEST=ee
NO_CHANGELOG=ee

memtx_tuple_maybe_decompress calls memtx_tuple_decompress if the tuple
is compressed, otherwise it returns the tuple as is. Actually, the only
place we call memtx_tuple_decompress directly is memtx_tuple_validate,
but there we check if the tuple is compressed first so we could just as
well call memtx_tuple_maybe_decompress.

Let's make memtx_tuple_decompress work like memtx_tuple_maybe_decompress
and kill the latter.

NO_DOC=refactoring
NO_TEST=refactoring
NO_CHANGELOG=refactoring

@TarantoolBot document
Title: Fiber slice

Introduce fiber slices. Fiber slice is over if fiber is being
executed without yield longer than the value of the slice.
One can check if the slice is over. Also it is checked during
space iteration when one uses select/pairs/get methods and
before DML queries. Fiber slice consists of two parts: warning
and error slices. When warning slice is over, warning
"fiber has not yielded for more than <warn_slice> seconds"
will be written in log, and when error slice is over, an error
"FiberSliceIsExceeded: fiber slice is exceeded" will be
thrown. Default fiber slice is 0.5 sec for warning and 1.0 sec
for error.

Lua API:
slice = {warn = time_in_seconds, err = time_in_seconds}
- fiber.check_slice() - write in warn log if warning slice is over,
throw an error if error slice is over.
- fiber.set_max_slice([fib_id], slice) - set max slice to passed fiber,
otherwise set default max slice that will used by all fibers without
max slice. One can pass number instead of table to set error slice
and disable warning.
- fiber.set_slice(slice) - set slice for current fiber execution.
One can pass number instead of table to set error slice
and disable warning.
- fiber.extend_slice(slice) - extend slice of current fiber execution.
One can pass number instead of table to extend error slice only.

One can send SIGURG to an instance to set current slice to 0.
It will stop iteration over space.

Examples:

Using fiber slice to stop doing stuff.
```lua
fiber = require('fiber')
function fib_f()
    -- Run until condition is false or error slice is over.
    while condition do
        fiber.check_slice()
        do_stuff()
    end
end

fib = fiber.new(fib_f)
-- Set error slice 0.5 sec and no warning slice for our fiber.
fib:set_max_slice(0.5)
fib:set_joinable(true)
fib:join()
```

Using fiber slice to limit iteration in space.
```lua
fiber = require('fiber')
function fib_f()
    -- Full scan on a huge space will be stopped.
    box.space.huge_space:select{}
end

fib = fiber.new(fib_f)
-- Set error timeout 3 sec and warning timeout 0.2 sec for our fiber.
fib:set_max_slice({warn = 0.2, err = 3})
fib:set_joinable(true)
fib:join()
```

NO_TEST=no changes

The patch introduces opportunity for user to reset
slice of current fiber execution. It allows to limit
iteration in space with SIGURG.

NO_CHANGELOG=see later commits
NO_DOC=see later commits

Currently, there is no way to interrupt a long execution of a
request (such as s:select(nil)). This patch introduces this
opportunity.

Box will use fiber deadline timeout as a timeout for DML usage.
Thus, when deadline of current fiber is up, all DML requests will
end with a particular error.

Closes #6085

NO_CHANGELOG=see later commits
NO_DOC=see later commits

Part of #6085

NO_TEST=no behavior changes
NO_CHANGELOG=no behavior changes
NO_DOC=no behavior changes

This patch introduces execution time slice for fiber. Later, we will use
this mechanism to limit iteration in space.

Part of #6085

NO_CHANGELOG=see later commits
NO_DOC=see later commits

The Rust module [1] leans on several internal symbols. They were open in
Tarantool 2.8 (see #2971 and #5932), but never were in the public API.
Tarantool 2.10.0 hides the symbols and we need a way to get them back to
use in the module.

We have the following options:

1. Design and expose a module API for fiber channels.
2. Export the symbols with a prefix like `tnt_internal_` (to don't spoil
   the global namespace).
3. Provide a `dlsym()` alike function to get an address of an internal
   symbol for users who knows what they're doing.

I think that the third way offers the best compromise between amount of
effort, quality of the result and opportunities to extend. In this
commit I hardcoded the list of functions to make the change as safe as
possible. Later I'll return here to autogenerate the list.

Exported the following function from the tarantool executable:

```c
void *
tnt_internal_symbol(const char *name);
```

I don't add it into the module API headers, because the function is to
perform a dark magic and we don't suggest it for users.

While I'm here, added `static` to a couple of fiber channel functions,
which are only used within the compilation unit.

[1]: https://github.com/picodata/tarantool-module

Part of #7228
Related to #6372

NO_DOC=don't advertize the dangerous API
NO_CHANGELOG=don't advertize the dangerous API

This patch adds missing `ninja` package to deps for FreeBSD and OSX
systems to provide possibility to use `ninja` as a build system on
them.

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

The valid range for thread_id is [0, iproto_threads_count - 1].

Closes #7196

NO_DOC=bugfix

If Tarantool tests fail in LuaJIT integration workflow used in
tarantool/luajit repository and LuaJIT submodule is already bumped in
tarantool/tarantool repository, one can't rerun the failed job since
"LuaJIT bump" step brings down the whole pipeline with "nothing to
commit" reason.

There are still many flaky tests, so to make this integration workflow
rerunnable from tarantool/luajit repository --allow-empty option is
added to the git commit command.

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

Reviewed-by: Yaroslav Lobankov <y.lobankov@tarantool.org>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Kaplun <skaplun@tarantool.org>
Signed-off-by: Igor Munkin <imun@tarantool.org>

Add a missed check to on_replace_dd_truncate, similar to
on_replace_dd_space and on_replace_dd_index.

Closes #7309

NO_DOC=bugfix

* test: make sysprof tests more deterministic
* test: increase sampling interval in sysprof tests
* LJ_GC64: Fix IR_VARG offset for fixed number of results.
* sysprof: implement stack sandwich support
* symtab: fix .symtab section dump of the executable
* sysprof: disable proto and trace dumps in default
* ci: introduce GitHub action for environment setup
* build: configure parallel jobs
* ci: replace hw.ncpu with hw.logicalcpu for macOS
* ci: add Tarantool integration testing
* ci: remove GC64 matrix entries for ARM64 workflows
* ci: fix --parallel argument for MacOS runners

Closes #7172
Closes #7244
Closes #7264
Part of #7230
Needed for #7472

NO_DOC=LuaJIT submodule bump
NO_TEST=LuaJIT submodule bump

The problem is that even if we block all signals on all
threads except the main thread, the signals still can be
delivered to other threads (#7206). And another problem
is that user can spawn his own thread and not block
signals.

That is why the patch introduces tt_sigaction function that
guarantees that all signals will be handled only by the main
thread. We use this helper in clock_lowres module.
This is supposed to solve the problem, described in #7408.

NO_CHANGELOG=internal
NO_DOC=internal

Currently, tarantool uses fiber() macro in crash_collect()
to collect backtraces, which is redundant and leads to
NULL dereferencing if crash signal callback is executed
on thread with no initialized cord.

The patch makes it possible not to use fiber module for
collecting backtraces and gets rid of fiber() macro
in crash_collect().

NO_CHANGELOG=internal
NO_TEST=internal
NO_DOC=internal

Added a function (see the API in the documentation request below), which
reflects the `tuple[json_path]` Lua API (see #1285).

Part of #7228

@TarantoolBot document
Title: tuple: access a field using JSON path via module API

The following function is added into the module API:

```c
/**
 * Return a raw tuple field in the MsgPack format pointed by
 * a JSON path.
 *
 * The JSON path includes the outmost field. For example, "c" in
 * ["a", ["b", "c"], "d"] can be accessed using "[2][2]" path (if
 * index_base is 1, as in Lua). If index_base is set to 0, the
 * same field will be pointed by the "[1][1]" path.
 *
 * The first JSON path token may be a field name if the tuple
 * has associated format with named fields. A field of a nested
 * map can be accessed in the same way: "foo.bar" or ".foo.bar".
 *
 * The return value is valid until the tuple is destroyed, see
 * box_tuple_ref().
 *
 * Return NULL if the field does not exist or if the JSON path is
 * malformed or invalid. Multikey JSON path token [*] is treated
 * as invalid in this context.
 *
 * \param tuple a tuple
 * \param path a JSON path
 * \param path_len a length of @a path
 * \param index_base 0 if array element indexes in @a path are
 *        zero-based (like in C) or 1 if they're one-based (like
 *        in Lua)
 * \retval a pointer to a field data if the field exists or NULL
 */
API_EXPORT const char *
box_tuple_field_by_path(box_tuple_t *tuple, const char *path,
			uint32_t path_len, int index_base);
```

It is preparatory change to expose the `box_tuple_field_by_path()`
function into the module API. A user should have ability to choose
zero-based (as in C) or one-based (as in Lua) array element selectors.
This commit adds the `index_base` parameter into several internal
functions, which access a field using a JSON path.

Part of #7228

NO_DOC=refactoring, no user-visible changes
NO_TEST=will be tested in a next commit implicitly by
        box_tuple_field_by_path() test cases
NO_CHANGELOG=refactoring, no user-visible changes

Ubuntu Impish Indri (21.10) has reached end of life
(https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases). There will be
no further releases of Tarantool for Ubuntu 21.10,
hence there's no need to run tests and check
packaging.

NO_TEST=ci
NO_DOC=ci

Resolves tarantool/tarantool-qa#257

In Lua field's numbers are counted from base 1, however currently
space:format() and space.foreign_key return zero-based foreign key
fields, which leads to an error on space:format(space:format()).

Closes #7350

NO_DOC=bugfix

Currently a foreign_key field in the `format` argument, passed to
normalize_format, can be changed inside normalize_foreign_key_one.
Fix this by using a local copy of def.field.

NO_DOC=bugfix
NO_CHANGELOG=minor bug

The packpack-dont-decline-custom-version.patch file was introduced in
9707a7bd (github-ci: support the new version format) and tried to resolve
the issue that actually did not exist. PackPack supports accepting a
custom version (pay attention to `?=`) [1] and the patch is not needed.

[1] https://github.com/packpack/packpack/blob/194f898750cbbee6dd35255fe8aa7ec878eb3836/pack/config.mk#L45

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

The 2.8 branch is not longer supported. So there is no sense to keep
the logic for it.

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

Now it's time to drop the `.gitlab.mk` makefile because `.pack.mk` has
fully replaced it.

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

This patch introduces the new test makefile `.pack.mk` instead of the
ancient `.gitlab.mk`. The `.pack.mk` file is a refactored version of
`.gitlab.mk` and contains only those targets that are indeed used.

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

It is inconvenient to create self-referencing FK constraints, as the
space ID will only be generated during space creation. This is
especially useful for SQL, since the format for the space is created
at compile time, and the space ID is only obtained at run time.

Closes #7200

@TarantoolBot document
Title: Describe foreign keys referring to the same space
Since: 2.11
Root document: https://www.tarantool.io/en/doc/latest/book/box/data_model/#foreign-keys

It is possible to create a foreign key that refers to the same space (a
child space equals to the parent space).
To do that, omit `space` in the `foreign_key` parameter, or set it to
the id or to the name of the current space.

According to man 3 exec: "The first argument, by convention, should point
to the filename associated with the file being executed.". Using empty
string as the first argument while calling `true` program, provided by
coreutils led to error message being printed to stderr, which failed the
test.

This patch passes 'true' as the first argument.

Closes #7452.

NO_DOC=test
NO_CHANGELOG=test

Currently net.box's methods doesn't check types of passed options.
This can lead to Lua's internal errors, which are not self-explaining.

Let's add this functionality and raise errors with meaningful messages
in case of incorrect options.

Closes #6063
Closes #6530

NO_DOC=Not a visible change

Test is needed to be updated every time net.box's internals are patched
(e.g. in case of adding new functions of deleting old ones), as the order
of suggested autocomplete options changes.

Let's replace `assert_equals` with `assert_items_equals`, which is not
order dependent.

NO_DOC=test
NO_CHANGELOG=test

In order to support parallel cmake build in the `test-jepsen` target
we need to run Jepsen testing in a `debian-buster` container instead
of `debian-stretch` due to the old `cmake` version in it. The `cmake`
utility started to support `--parallel` option since 3.12 version [1].

In Debian Stretch `cmake` has version 3.7.
In Debian Buster `cmake` has version 3.13.

[1] https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/release/3.12.html#command-line

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

A note for the `.gitlab.mk` makefile:

Mentions about `.travis.mk` in `.gitlab.mk` file will be removed in
the scope of refactoring it later.

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

Now it's time to drop the `.travis.mk` makefile because `.test.mk` has
fully replaced it.

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

A note for arm64 OSX workflows:

The `arch -arm64` command prior to calling the makefile was omitted
because now the GitHub Actions agent has a build for arm64 machines.
Hence the agent is able to run without Rosetta 2 binary translator.

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

This patch adds actions with installing deps for Debian, FreeBSD, and
OSX operation systems. Also, it adds an action with installing deps for
Jepsen testing. Debian, FreeBSD, and OSX actions should be used before
running tests on the corresponding operation systems. Jepsen action
should be used before running Jepsen tests.

Reasoning:

1. The makefile w/o targets with deps installation is OS-independent.
   It should work on all systems.

2. Deps installation is more about env preparation rather than building
   and testing. Moreover, it is OS-dependent. So it's logical to take it
   outside the makefile into a GitHub action.

3. If we need testing on other operation systems, for example, CentOS,
   we will just create a special action with deps installation for that.
   No changes for the makefile will be needed. All should work out of
   the box.

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

This patch introduces the new test makefile `.test.mk` instead of the
ancient `.travis.mk`. The `.test.mk` file is a fully reworked version of
`.travis.mk` with the huge refactoring and contains only those targets
that are indeed used.

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

Created simplistic unit test for checking boundary conditions
for `datetime_unpack` function.

NO_DOC=internal
NO_CHANGELOG=internal

Introduced fuzzing testing for datetime decoder.

NO_DOC=internal
NO_CHANGELOG=internal