Add an optional dictionary field to MsgPack object which can be used during
indexing for aliasing string keys.

Needed for #7901

NO_CHANGELOG=<internal feature>
NO_DOC=<internal feature>

* cmake: introduce CheckUnwindTables helper
* x64/LJ_GC64: Fix type-check-only variant of SLOAD.
* LJ_GC64: Fix ir_khash for non-string GCobj.
* gdb: support full-range 64-bit lightuserdata

Relates to #6481
Part of #7230

NO_DOC=LuaJIT submodule bump
NO_TEST=LuaJIT submodule bump

Use an array to convert a hex digit into a number instead of
`isdigit()` and `tolower()`.

Eliminate the `isxdigit()` check by reusing the same array lookup.

Results on perf/lua/uri_escape_unescape.lua show 2.4x average boost
(from 2.1x to 2.5x).

Noise in the results: 4% in baseline, 11% in the new version (the
maximal difference between min and max results). The average
linear/standard deviation is within 3%.

Measured on i7-10510U, acpi-cpufreq driver (no intel_pstate),
no TurboBoost, userspace governor, 1.80GHz, HyperThreading. The workload
is bound to a single logical core using `taskset`.

NO_DOC=no behavior change
NO_TEST=no behavior change
NO_CHANGELOG=the function is new and not yet released

Change runner label 'macos-11' to 'macos-11-self-hosted' and 'macos-12'
to 'macos-12-self-hosted' to distinguish between self-hosted and
GitHub-hosted runners.
We want to use only self-hosted macOS runners because of test-run problems
with python3.11 on GitHub-hosted macOS runners.

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

Closes #8043

NO_DOC=bug fix

The coverage workflow is a part of the default testing, so there is no
sense to run this workflow when the 'full-ci' label is set. Moreover, it
cancelled the run of the default testing and started the run of the full
testing due to workflow `concurrency`.

By default, a workflow only runs when a `pull_request` event's activity
type is `opened`, `synchronize`, or `reopened`. That's why there is no
sense in the following construction:

  pull_request:
    types: [ opened, reopened, synchronize ]

So just removed the line related to event's activity type.

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

Add workflow for integration testing of ddl
and crud modules.

Resolves tarantool/tarantool#6619
Resolves tarantool/tarantool#6620

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

This patch removes unused variables that were not caught by the compiler
due to MAYBE_UNUSED or conversion to void.

NO_DOC=refactoring
NO_TEST=refactoring
NO_CHANGELOG=refactoring

Also pretty printer was introduced for struct tuple, so it can be
printed with 'p' command as well. 'tt-tuple' command allows to specify
some additional options (see 'help tt-tuple')

Closes #7729

NO_DOC=gdb extension
NO_CHANGELOG=gdb extension
NO_TEST=gdb extension

Supported extensions:
- decimal
- uuid
- datetime
- error
- compression (only shows compression type and raw/compressed data size)
- interval

This functionality is similar to 'mp_str' function, but 'mp_str' can be
invoked from gdb only when a process is alive, so to be able to print
MsgPack during post-mortem analysis of core dump, 'mp_str' and all
subsequent functions that decode and convert MsgPack into human-readable
string were adapted to Python and put into the extension.

In order to simplify implementation and maintenance of the gdb-extension
implementation of the most of functions is kept as close to possible to
their 'C'-counterparts (original 'C'-name can be found as a comment at
the end of 'def' string)

Part of #7729

NO_DOC=gdb extension
NO_CHANGELOG=gdb extension
NO_TEST=gdb extension

This patch introduces new keyword SEQSCAN and new restrictions on
SELECTs. These restrictions are disabled by default.

Closes #7747

@TarantoolBot document
Title: SEQSCAN

Now scanning SELECT will not run and will throw an error if the new
SEQSCAN keyword is not used for scanned spaces. This change only affects
SELECT and does not affect UPDATE and DELETE. A SELECT is recognized as
a scanning SELECT if `EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT ...` indicates that the
SELECT `scans` rather than `searches`.

For example, if we have spaces created with these queries:
```
CREATE TABLE t(i INT PRIMARY KEY, a INT);
CREATE TABLE s(i INT PRIMARY KEY, a INT);
```

Then these queries will throw an error:
```
SELECT * FROM t;
SELECT * FROM t WHERE a > 1;
SELECT * FROM t WHERE i + 1 = 5;
SELECT * FROM t, s;
SELECT * FROM t JOIN s;
```

And these will not:
```
SELECT * FROM t WHERE i > 1;
SELECT * FROM SEQSCAN t;
SELECT * FROM SEQSCAN t WHERE i + 1 = 5;
SELECT * FROM SEQSCAN t, SEQSCAN s;
SELECT * FROM SEQSCAN t JOIN SEQSCAN s;
```

Scanning can be allowed or disallowed by default. To do this, a new
session setting is introduced: `sql_seq_scan`. The default value for
setting is `true`, i.e. scanning is allowed. When set to `false`, the
scanning SELECTs will throw a `scanning is not allowed` error.

This commit adds a few configuration options, function stubs, and error
codes that will be used to perform extra security checks in EE:

 * box.cfg.auth_delay. Type: double. Default: 0. Unit: seconds.

   Description: If authentication of a user fails, the next
   authentication attempt for the same user will fail with
   ER_AUTH_DELAY error if called before box.cfg.auth_delay passes.

   Implementation: Error will be raised by security_check_auth_pre()
   called by authenticate() right before checking the challenged
   password. Authentication failures will be accounted per user in
   session_on_auth trigger.

 - box.cfg.disable_guest. Type: boolean. Default: false.

   Description: If set, an attempt to perform any request except
   'auth', 'ping', 'id', or 'vote' over iproto without authentication
   or authenticated as guest will raise ER_AUTH_REQUIRED error.

   Implementation: Error will be raised by security_check_session()
   called by tx_check_msg(), which in turn is called before starting
   to process any message received over iproto.

 - box.cfg.password_lifetime_days. Type: number. Default: 0. Unit: days.

   Description: If > 0, an attempt to authenticate as a user that hasn't
   reset the password for more than box.cfg.password_lifetime_days will
   fail with ER_PASSWORD_EXPIRED error.

   Implementation: Error will be raised by security_check_auth_post()
   called by authenticate() right after successfully authenticating
   the user. Note, we can't raise the error in security_check_auth_pre()
   because that would enable user enumeration.

All the new options are dynamic. The option values will be stored and
used in C code so we'll have to define a configuration callback for them
in EE: box.internal.cfg_set_security. Also note that since the new
options configure authentication behavior, they should be set before
the box port is opened: we'll do that in security_cfg() called by
box_storage_init().

Needed for https://github.com/tarantool/tarantool-ee/issues/299
Needed for https://github.com/tarantool/tarantool-ee/issues/300
Needed for https://github.com/tarantool/tarantool-ee/issues/301

NO_DOC=ee
NO_TEST=ee
NO_CHANGELOG=ee

In contrast to all other request handlers, replication request handlers
don't check the schema version. Strictly speaking, this is incorrect -
if it's specified it must always be checked. It was fine, because we
don't set the schema version in replication requests. However, in the
future we're planning to add more checks in tx_check_msg, which will
have to be performed for all requests, including replication. So let's
call tx_check_msg before processing replication requests - it shouldn't
hurt to check the schema version if available.

Needed for https://github.com/tarantool/tarantool-ee/issues/301

NO_DOC=ee
NO_TEST=ee
NO_CHANGELOG=ee

After accepting an iproto message in tx, we call tx_check_schema to
check if the schema version supplied by the user matches the actual
one. If it doesn't, we bail out early with ER_WRONG_SCHEMA_VERSION.

We need to add more checks that should be done before continuing with
processing a message in tx. tx_check_schema looks like a perfect place
for it. Let's rename it to tx_check_msg and pass an accepted message
instead of the schema version to it.

Needed for https://github.com/tarantool/tarantool-ee/issues/301

NO_DOC=refactoring
NO_TEST=refactoring
NO_CHANGELOG=refactoring

Closes #7931

@TarantoolBot document
Title: Document a percent-encoding of params passed to http client

The HTTP client has `params` option, where a user may provide a table of
query parameters (added in #6832). Those parameters are encoded into a
`?foo=bar&tweedledoo=tweedledee` string verbatim. If a name or a value of
a query parameter contains `&`, `=` (or any another symbol with specific
meaning in the URI query component), the query may be interpreted
incorrectly by a server. Now key and values passed in a table as
`params` option are percent-encoded and then encoded to a query string.
This will be made automatically. Percent-encoding depends on used HTTP
method: with `GET`, `HEAD` and `DELETE` parameters `uri.QUERY_PART`
are used and with other HTTP method `uri.FORM_URLENCODED` is used.

Commit "uri: encode table with http params to a string" (b31aec89)
introduced two functions `params()` and `encode_kv()` that encodes a
table with http key-value parameters to a http query string. However,
keys and values could be interpreted wrong by http server if they
contains reserved symbols that have special meaning for http server.

Patch adds escaping for key-values before encoding params to query
string.

Needed for #7931

NO_CHANGELOG=internal
NO_DOC=internal

Patch replaces encoding and decoding functions written in Lua with
functions implemented in C.

Performance of Lua implementation (before the patch):

```
uri.escape   152.37  runs/sec
uri.unescape 263.44  runs/sec
```

Performance of C implementation (after the patch):

```
uri.escape   4983.03  runs/sec
uri.unescape 4197.19  runs/sec
```

Follows up #3682

NO_CHANGELOG=see previous commit
NO_DOC=see previous commit

Co-authored-by: Alexander Turenko <alexander.turenko@tarantool.org>

Added a simple benchmark for URI escape/unescape.

Part of #3682

NO_DOC=documentation is not required for performance test
NO_CHANGELOG=performance test
NO_TEST=performance test

Closes #3682

@TarantoolBot document
Title: Document a new functions to encode and decode parts of URI

New functions `uri.escape()` and `uri.unescape()` have been introduced.
First one allows to escape symbols to a string and second one to
unescape symbols to a string according to RFC 3986 [1].

Examples:

```
tarantool> uri.escape("тарантул")
---
- '%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB'
...

tarantool> uri.unescape("%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BB")
---
- тарантул
...

```

`uri.escape()` accepts a string that will be encoded and optionally a
table with encoding options: string with unreserved symbols that will
*not* be encoded and boolean option that enables/disables encoding of a
space characters as '+'. By default `uri.escape()` uses a set of
unreserved symbols defined in RFC 3986 ("2.3. Unreserved Characters")
and encoding of space characters as '+' is disabled. Table with default
encoding options is defined as `uri.RFC3986`.

`uri.unescape()` accepts a string that will be decoded and optionally a
table with decoding options: string with unreserved symbols (these
symbols are actually unused by decoding function) and boolean option
that enables/disables decoding of '+' as a space character. Table with
default decoding options is defined as `uri.RFC3986`.

See detailed description in RFC "http: add percent-encoding/decoding of
query string in request" [2].

NO_WRAP
1. Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax
   https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986
2. https://www.notion.so/tarantool/http-add-percent-encoding-decoding-of-query-string-in-request-76a2425a4c4744a1a72643527a4fe7f7
NO_WRAP

Add translation table for `box.iproto.key` constants encoding to simplify
packet assembly.

Add new `box.iproto.send` method to Lua and `box_iproto_send` function to C
API, which allow sending arbitrary IPROTO packets, using active IPROTO
sessions. Packets are sent asynchronously using Kharon.

Add `xregion_join` to the `xalloc` API.

Change gh-7894 test: instead of simply comparing `box.iproto` table to the
reference table, iterate over `box.iproto` and check that corresponding
non-{function, thread, userdata} type values exist in the reference table.

Closes #7897

@TarantoolBot document
Title: Document sending arbitrary IPROTO packets feature
For the API description and usage examples, see:
* [design document](https://www.notion.so/tarantool/box-iproto-override-44935a6ac7e04fb5a2c81ca713ed1bce#a2cc04da89d34fad8f8564c150cd9977);
* tarantool/tarantool#7897.

The translation table (and the future msgpack object dictionary) uses
string keys coming from Lua and hence using `lua_hash{string}` as the hash
function is beneficial.

Needed for #7897

NO_CHANGELOG=refactoring
NO_DOC=refactoring
NO_TEST=refactoring

`test_key_def_dup` uses `box_key_def_dump_parts` which allocates memory on
the fiber region, but the test does not clean it up: fix that by creating
a region savepoint and truncating the fiber region in the end of the test.

Needed for #7897

NO_CHANGELOG=<test fix>
NO_DOC=<test>

In some cases we need to convert a string to lower case (e.g., when
normalizing an upper-case constant): add helper functions that do this
in-place or by creating a copy of the original string.

Needed for #7897

NO_CHANGELOG=internal
NO_DOC=internal

Currently replicaset state machine tracking the number of connected,
loading and synced appliers may perform unnecessary decrementing of
their count. On debug version this may lead to assertion failure.
Here's the way it may happen:
  1. Any kind of exception occurs in applier thread and leads to
     invoking its destructor (applier_thread_data_destroy), which
     is set with scoped guard;
  2. Cbus call is made in order to remove the corresponding applier
     from the thread. According to the fact that cbus_call is
     synchronous, we yield, waiting for the result from the applier
     thread.
  3. During yielding user calls reconfiguration, which invokes
     replicaset_update. Old appliers are pruned: for every replica
     trigger on changing state machine counter is deleted after which
     we stop fiber and wait its join.
  4. If the first replica in replicaset_foreach is not the errored
     one and the errored fiber wakes up during yielding with
     fiber_join, then zero decrementing happens.

Let's clear the above mentioned triggers for all replicas at the
first place and only after that stop and join their applier fibers.

Closes #7590

NO_DOC=bugfix

Before the change there was an unexpected behavior when using
channel:close(), as it closed the channel entirely and discarded all
unread events.

This commit introduces graceful channel close option in tarantool.compat
(gh-7000) that allows to select new or old behavior.

With the new behavior `close()` marks channel as closed for writing.
Only when all events are extracted, the channel is closed entirely. If
there are no events in the channel, it is closed as usual.

Document that describes new API can be found on notion (private):
https://www.notion.so/fiber-channel-graceful-close-53b2788ed1f144598c4c0e1229c2eb69

Requires #7060
Requires #8007
Closes #7746
See also #7000

@TarantoolBot document
Title: new compat option fiber_channel_close_mode

New behavior is gracefully closing fiber channel by marking it
read-only, instead of destroying. Full API description can be found
on notion (private):
https://www.notion.so/tarantool/Fiber-channel-graceful-close-53b2788ed1f144598c4c0e1229c2eb69

A jiggle in tarantool's initialization code can lead to trace numbers
above 9. We can either:

* accept trace numbers above 9 in the test
* or drop traces from the initialization code in the test and assume
  that the new trace will have number 1.

Igor Munkin suggested to stick with the second approach to avoid
dependency on the initialization code.

NO_DOC=test fixup, no user visible changes
NO_CHANGELOG=see NO_DOC

Co-authored-by: Igor Munkin <imun@tarantool.org>

Currently all non-main threads have all the signals blocked, however
according to `man pthread_sigmask':

> If SIGBUS, SIGFPE, SIGILL, or SIGSEGV are generated while they
> are blocked, the result is undefined, unless the signal was
> generated by kill(2), sigqueue(3), or raise(3).

On macOS they are actually blocked, causing the faulting instruction
to loop indefinitely. While on Linux they are not blocked, however the
signal handler registered by sigaction is not executed. Don't block them.

Closes #8023
Closes #8083

NO_DOC=bugfix

There are 4 fatal signals that cannot be blocked by sigmask if they
are caused by the CPU exception (rather than kill, sigqueue or raise):
SIGILL, SIGBUS, SIGFPE, SIGSEGV. Currently the crash module handles
only SIGSEGV and SIGFPE. This patch adds handlers for SIGBUS and SIGILL.
SIGBUS is usually raised by macOS on access to the unmapped memory, and
SIGILL is possible, for example, while running AVX version of memcpy on
a CPU without AVX support.

Faulting address siginfo->si_addr is valid for all these signals, so
print it unconditionally.

Part of #8023
Part of #8083

NO_DOC=See next commit
NO_CHANGELOG=See next commit

Currently, core constraints are dropped on commit. That is why
it is impossible to drop constraint and drop objects it references to
at the same transaction. Let's drop constraints in two steps - detach
them when DDL occurs, then reattach on rollback or delete on commit.

Closes #7339

NO_DOC=bugfix

NO_TEST=no visible changes
NO_CHANGELOG=stubs
NO_DOC=stubs

The patch adds xalloc helpers for ibuf.

NO_TEST=trivial
NO_CHANGELOG=internal
NO_DOC=internal

This patch removes code that was used to implement the SQL check
constraint as they are now replaced by BOX constraint. Also, the syntax
for enabling/disabling check constraints has been removed as BOX
constraints do not support this feature.

Follow-up #6986

NO_DOC=Already introduced.
NO_CHANGELOG=Already introduced.

This patch removes code that was used to implement the SQL foreign key
as they are now replaced by BOX foreign keys.

Follow-up #6986

NO_DOC=Refactoring.
NO_TEST=Refactoring
NO_CHANGELOG=Refactoring.

- Add box.cfg.password_history_length configuration option.
  It will specify the max number of entries to keep in the
  auth_history field of the _user system space.
- Add new error code ER_OLD_PASSWORD, which will be raised on
  an attempt to reuse an old password.
- Set auth_history if box.internal.prepare_auth_history is defined.
  The function takes a user id.
- Add auth_history argument to box.internal.check_password so that
  it can check if the new password matches an old one.
- Add box_lua_security_init, because auth checks will be done in C.

Needed for https://github.com/tarantool/tarantool-ee/issues/298

NO_DOC=ee
NO_TEST=ee
NO_CHANGELOG=ee

See the doc bot request for the description of the new fields.

Note that we only store the value of the 'last_modified' field
in struct user_def, because 'auth_history' will be used only in
Lua code.

Needed for https://github.com/tarantool/tarantool-ee/issues/298
Needed for https://github.com/tarantool/tarantool-ee/issues/299

NO_CHANGELOG=no user-visible effects in CE; will be added to EE

@TarantoolBot document
Title: Document auth_history and last_modified _user space fields

Field name: auth_history. Field no: 6. Type: array.
Description: The field stores an array of previous authentication data:
when a user password is changed, the last value of the 'auth' field is
appended to 'auth_history'.  The length of the history is configured by
the `box.cfg.password_history_length` option, which is available only
in Tarantool EE, where it's used to prevent users from reusing old
passwords. In Tarantool CE, the array is always empty.

Field name: last_modified. Field no: 7. Type: unsigned.
Description: The field stores the timestamp (seconds since Unix epoch)
of the last user password update. It's never used in Tarantool CE.
In Tarantool EE, it's used to disable users that haven't changed the
password for more than `box.cfg.password_lifetime_days`.

`box.schema.upgrade()` sets the new field values to an empty array
and 0 for users that haven't updated them yet.

We disable system space triggers to generate a bootstrap snapshot,
but this doesn't turn off space format checks. As a result, if
a space format is updated during the upgrade sequence, it may turn
out that data inserted earlier doesn't match the new format.
We encountered this issue only once, when we added new fields to
the _func system space, see commit 200a492a ("box: introduce Lua
persistent functions"). Back then, we simply added the new fields
to the earlier update function. However, modifying the update history
looks ugly. We're planning to add new fields to the _user system
space so we should find a way to avoid that.

The fix is simple: we clear all system space formats before disabling
system space triggers and reset them back after the bootstrap is done.
To achieve that, we have to eliminate usage of any functions that access
tuple fields by name.

Needed for https://github.com/tarantool/tarantool-ee/issues/298
Needed for https://github.com/tarantool/tarantool-ee/issues/299

NO_DOC=refactoring
NO_TEST=refactoring
NO_CHANGELOG=refactoring

Use O_CLOEXEC flag instead.

If Tarantool is forked before executing box.cfg{}, e.g. using io.popen(),
the child process could start with stdin linked to /dev/urandom.
This happens because wal_writer_singleton and vy_log_writer are not yet
initialized, i.e. `fd' fields are 0, then atfork child handler wal_atfork()
is called. It checks that xlog is opened (the check succeeded as 0 != -1)
and closes its fd 0, in fact closing stdin (twice). Next, Tarantool opens
the file /dev/urandom during initialization, and it receives the lowest
unused file descriptor, which is 0. Then luaL_loadfile() loads stdin as a
Lua chunk, in effect reading random numbers.

This happens on glibc 2.28 and older, as newer versions do not invoke
atfork handlers during io.popen():
https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=17490

Closes #7886

NO_DOC=bugfix
NO_TEST=Tested by test/app-luatest/gh_5747_crash_multiple_args_test.lua

This patch fixes an issue where collation could change the computed
type of a built-in function argument when choosing a function
implementation.

Closes #7992

NO_DOC=bugfix

Workflow submodule_update now brings latest commits in stable branches
further to tarantool/sdk, where integration tests can run with other
enterprise products and modules.

In tarantool/tarantool-ee a pull request is still opened, so the
maintainers can merge it at any time.

In tarantool/sdk the test branches are named in the following pattern:
`TarantoolBot/test-ce-master`
`TarantoolBot/test-ce-2.10`
and so on. This pattern can be easily distinguished by workflows,
which run integration tests and alert developers on failures.
It is also consistent with branches with the same purpose of integration
testing, that are created by the sdk_test workflow:
`TarantoolBot/test-ce-{feature_branch_name}`

NO_DOC=CI
NO_TEST=CI
NO_CHANGELOG=CI

Resolves tarantool/sdk#355

The submodule_update workflow only works with git repositories and
doesn't require computational power. It's mostly limited by the network
throughput. So it makes sense to run this workflow on lightweight
runners, labeled with `flavor-1-2` (that is, 1 CPU and 2Gb RAM).

New runners have granular labels: `self-hosted`, OS, arch and flavor.

NO_DOC=CI
NO_TEST=CI
NO_CHANGELOG=CI