cmake: replace UBsan flags whitelist by blacklist

The commit 366cb668 ("cmake: add option ENABLE_UB_SANITIZER")
added UndefinedBehaviour sanitizer support with the whitelist of
checks (all checks are disabled and a several checks are
enabled). The patch replaces the whitelist by blacklist (all
checks are enabled and a several checks are disabled).

Part of #10228
Related to #10742

NO_CHANGELOG=codehealth
NO_DOC=codehealth
NO_TEST=codehealth

(cherry picked from commit 2125a4304844669884bfa887657fd20f15504a5a)