picodata(ci): build CI's image from docker/Dockerfile.ci

This image is suitable for release, debug and debug-asan builds.
The image is somewhat heavy (1.08 GiB) due to llvm-18, but don't run
tarantool's CI that often.

NO_DOC=internal
NO_TEST=internal
NO_CHANGELOG=internal

Co-authored-by: Dmitry Ivanov <d.ivanov@picodata.io>
Co-authored-by: Vitaly Shunkov <v.shunkov@picodata.io>