refactor: use Lua C API instead of G(L)

To ensure better encapsulation, maintainability, and portability of
the code, it is necessary to replace direct access to the fields of
global structures with calls using the Lua C API.

Closes #10284

NO_DOC=refactoring
NO_TEST=refactoring
NO_CHANGELOG=refactoring

(cherry picked from commit f7bb3fc7a1222107753dc420675ecda043b0a5d2)