feat: infer parameter types from cast

Summarize the changes

• feat: infer parameter types from cast

• feat: support postgres cast notation

Ensure that

• New code is covered by unit and integration tests.
• [ ] Related issues would be automatically closed with gitlab's closing pattern (Closes #1, #2).
• Public modules are documented (check the rendered version with cargo doc --open).
• (if PEST grammar is changed) EBNF grammar reflects these changes (check the result with railroad diagram generator.

Next steps

• Cherry-pick to: none
• Update sbroad submodule in picodata/picodata.
• (if EBNF grammar is changed) create a follow-up issue in picodata/docs.

Ref picodata#648 (closed), picodata!1071 (merged)