ci: bump Clang version to 16 in release build testing

Run release build testing inside a Docker container created from the
`tarantool/testing:ubuntu-jammy-clang16` image with Clang 16 installed.

Closes #317

NO_DOC=ci
NO_TEST=ci
NO_CHANGELOG=ci

(cherry picked from commit 9134dabd)

.github/workflows/release_clang.yml

@@ -40,6 +40,19 @@ jobs:
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04-self-hosted
 
+    container:
+      image: docker.io/tarantool/testing:ubuntu-jammy-clang16
+      # Mount /dev to the container to be able to mount a disk image inside it
+      # for successful run of the .github/actions/environment action.
+      volumes:
+        - /dev:/dev
+      # Our testing expects that the init process (PID 1) will
+      # reap orphan processes. At least the following test leans
+      # on it: app-tap/gh-4983-tnt-e-assert-false-hangs.test.lua.
+      # Add extra privileges to the container for successful run
+      # of the .github/actions/environment action.
+      options: '--init --privileged'
+
     steps:
       - name: Prepare checkout
         uses: tarantool/actions/prepare-checkout@master
@@ -52,8 +65,8 @@ jobs:
         uses: ./.github/actions/install-deps-debian
       - name: test
         env:
-          CC: clang
-          CXX: clang++
+          CC: clang-16
+          CXX: clang++-16
         run: make -f .test.mk test-release
       - name: Send VK Teams message on failure
         if: failure()