test/fuzz: support clusterfuzzlite

Closes https://git.picodata.io/picodata/picodata/picodata/-/issues/462

Differences from tarantool oss-fuzz setup:

Removed from build.sh:

• -DENABLE_BACKTRACE=OFF (otherwise some symbols are missing)
• -DENABLE_BUNDLED_LIBUNWIND=OFF (otherwise some symbols are missing)
• check for $FUZZING_ENGINE == centipede as clusterfuzzlite supports only libfuzzer engine

Changes to Dockerfile:

• uses local sources instead of cloning from tarantool repository