ci: fix building release docker image

1. Pass docker build --build-arg TARANTOOL_VERSION=... to ensure the resulting image contains the correct version.
2. Pass it in the tarantool-module CI trigger as a variable.
3. Fix CI jobs relationships: "docker" stage needs "deploy-packages".
4. Minor fixes in job names.

See related Gitlab docs:

• https://gitlab.com/mlockhart/lab/-/snippets/2178942
• https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#needs
• https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/#dependencies
• https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/triggers/#pass-cicd-variables-in-the-api-call

Close #33 (closed)